第一种方法用mt_rand()
function GetRandStr($length){ $str="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"; $len=strlen($str)-1; $randstr=""; for($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){ $num=mt_rand(0,$len); $randstr .= $str[$num]; } return $randstr; } $number=GetRandStr(6); echo $number; 第二种方法(最快的)
function make_password( $length = 8 ) { // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 $chars = array("a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l","m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y","z", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L","M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y","Z", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "!", "@","#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", "-", "_", "[", "]", "{", "}", "<", ">", "~", "`", "+", "=", ",", ".", ";", ":", "/", "?", "|"); // 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名 $keys = array_rand($chars, $length); $password = ""; for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) { // 将 $length 个数组元素连接成字符串 $password .= $chars[$keys[$i]]; } return $password; } 第三种取当时时间戳
function get_password( $length = 8 ) { $str = substr(md5(time()), 0, $length);//md5加密,time()当前时间戳 return $str; } 第四种打乱字符串
function getrandstr(){ $str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890"; $randStr = str_shuffle($str);//打乱字符串 $rands= substr($randStr,0,6);//substr(string,start,length);返回字符串的一部分 return $rands; } //开始创建验证码(直接用函数生成,比较方便快捷)
$code = rand(10000, 99999);
php mt_rand生成0~1随机小数的效果比较
lcg_value说明
float lcg_value ( void )
lcg_value() 返回范围为 (0, 1) 的一个伪随机数。本函数组合了周期为 2^31 - 85 和 2^31 - 249 的两个同余发生器。本函数的周期等于这两个素数的乘积。
返回:范围为 (0, 1) 的伪随机数。
<?php for($i=0; $i<5; $i++){ echo lcg_value().PHP_EOL; } ?> 输出:
0.115165158519950.0646845515752970.682751740311890.557307465290990.70215008878091
两种生成0~1随机小数方法进行比较
1.执行时间比较
执行10万次基于mt_rand()与mt_getrandmax()算法的运行时间
<?php/** * 生成0~1随机小数 * @param Int $min * @param Int $max * @return Float */function randFloat($min=0, $max=1){ return $min + mt_rand()/mt_getrandmax() * ($max-$min);}// 获取microtimefunction get_microtime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec;}// 记录开始时间$starttime = get_microtime();// 执行10万次获取随机小数for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ randFloat();}// 记录结束时间$endtime = get_microtime();// 输出运行时间printf("run time %f ms", ($endtime-$starttime)*1000);?>输出:run time 266.893148 ms
执行10万次lcg_value()的运行时间
<?php// 获取microtimefunction get_microtime(){ list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime()); return (float)$usec + (float)$sec;}// 记录开始时间$starttime = get_microtime();// 执行10万次获取随机小数for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){ lcg_value();}// 记录结束时间$endtime = get_microtime();// 输出运行时间printf("run time %f ms", ($endtime-$starttime)*1000);?>输出:run time 86.178064 ms
执行时间上比较,因为lcg_value()直接是php原生方法,而mt_rand()与mt_getrandmax()需要调用两个方法,并需要进行计算,因此lcg_value()的执行时间大约快3倍。
2.随机效果比较
基于mt_rand()与mt_getrandmax()算法的随机效果
<?php/** * 生成0~1随机小数 * @param Int $min * @param Int $max * @return Float */function randFloat($min=0, $max=1){ return $min + mt_rand()/mt_getrandmax() * ($max-$min);}header("content-type: image/png");$im = imagecreatetruecolor(512, 512);$color1 = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);$color2 = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0);for($y=0; $y<512; $y++){ for($x=0; $x<512; $x++){ $rand = randFloat(); if(round($rand,2)>=0.5){ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color1); }else{ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color2); } }}imagepng($im);imagedestroy($im);?>lcg_value()的随机效果
<?phpheader("content-type: image/png");$im = imagecreatetruecolor(512, 512);$color1 = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);$color2 = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0);for($y=0; $y<512; $y++){ for($x=0; $x<512; $x++){ $rand = lcg_value(); if(round($rand,2)>=0.5){ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color1); }else{ imagesetpixel($im, $x, $y, $color2); } }}imagepng($im);imagedestroy($im);?>